Question 3 and 4 of The Italian Revolution (1848)

    3.  The revolutions of 1848 contributed to the unification of Italy because they were against Nationalism. People started a revolution in the states, demanding a liberal government. They were also trying to remove Austrian’s control over them because Italy turned into a domain of Austria. Austria ruled some parts, and the others were independent Renaissance city-states. Italy divided into five kingdoms; so the Italians wanted to unify their country and get rid of the states.

                  Italy was affected by the 1848 because before the main revolt on March, there was the poor harvest of 1846-47 that produced protests in food riots from north to south. Peasants started uprising about their landowners. They were also influenced by the liberal friendly events happening in Rome Italy especially because they shared the same causes to create a revolution. The French revolution was basically the genesis of "liberal Italians"

    4.   A great leader named Giuseppe Mazzini inspired the revolution. He was fighting for autonomy (independence) His goal was to form a nationalist group called “Young Italy” and that’s what started to spread the idea of Nationalism but since Italy was divided, there was a huge cultural difference between the northern and southern Italy. . Austria also tried very hard to suppress Mazzini and Young Italy.  Other great key actors were Camilo Di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi and they helped to unify Italy.

             Camilo Di Cavour was prime minster of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1852 and he was able to invent a secretly planned war with Austria. He made alliance with France and Austria got defeated in two major battles, and had to surrender Lombardy and Milan. Meanwhile, In the southern part of Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi raised an army (Red Shirts) that helped take over Sicily and Naples and the new kingdom of Italy (without Rome and Venice) was named by King Emmanuel II. 
     King Emmanuel II (1820-1878) was the first king of the united Italy. He succeeded his father Charles Albert to the throne of Piedmont-Sardinia on March 24, 1849, following the resignation of Charles Albert after two humiliating defeats (1848 and 1849) by the Austrian Empire. The first task to face the young, inexperienced monarch was making peace with Austria with the help of his prime minster, Camilo Di Cavour.

                The only long term consequences would be disagreements between the people since there’s still different cultural beliefs. Rome is still under papal possession and Venice is under Austrian’s control so the only problem might be Austria gaining more power, and tumult against the people themselves

           Another long term consequences was The Treaty of Zurich that was signed by the Austrian Empire, the French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia on November 10, 1859. It was an agreement to end the war between Piedmont-Sardinia, France, and Austria. Piedmont-Sardinia received Lombardy back but, to the great disappointment of the Italian nationalism, Venice and Tuscany remained under Austrian control or influence and Rome was still under the control of the Papal states. It wasn't until 1870 that Rome finally became the capital of Italy.